Agriculture makes up only 8 percent of Turkey’s Gross Domestic Product, and the country boasts a strong cereals production (approximately 34 million tonnes), meat (1.9 million tonnes) and fish (623 000 tonnes). The per capita daily caloric intake is a hearty 3 482, and the average percentage of protein intake is 11 percent; still, 12 percent of children suffer from malnourishment and stunts in their growth.
Economic
Agriculture as % of Gross Domestic Product: 8.3
Value of agricultural exports (US$ millions): 10 564
Share of agricultural exports (% of total exports): 8
Value of agricultural imports (US$ millions): 10 275
Share of agricultural imports (% of total imports): 5.1
Production
Cereals (1000 tonnes): 33 570
Meat (1000 tonnes): 1 917
Fish (1000 tonnes): 623
Woodfuel (1000 m³): 5 048
Industrial roundwood (1000 m³): 14 382
Source: FAO
Turkey is the 10th largest market for U.S. agricultural exports overall, reaching a record $1.5 billion in 2007. It is the second largest market for U.S. cotton exports after China, with sales of $767 million. The Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102) continues to be a very attractive tool for Turkish importers of U.S. agricultural products, especially cotton. Turkey has high market potential for consumer food products: by 2020, 14 million households are expected to be classified as middle class, up from 5.9 million in 2000. An increasing urban population and growth in tourism will increase demand. U.S. livestock and genetics also have good market potential in Turkey, which is developing its domestic livestock sector.
Population: 71.9 million (2008 est.)
GDP per capita (PPP): $12,900 (2008 est.)
Agriculture: 10 percent of GDP
Agricultural Production: tobacco, cotton, juices,
olives, sugar beets
Major Agricultural Exports to U.S.: tobacco, processed
fruits, vegetable oil, tree nuts, spices, snack foods
Major U.S. Agricultural Exports to Turkey: cotton, soy
meal, feed ingredients, juices, tree nuts
Source: USDA
Turkey’s economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 30% of employment. An aggressive privatization program has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication, and an emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding dynamism to the economy. Turkey’s traditional textiles and clothing sectors still account for one-third of industrial employment, despite stiff competition in international markets that resulted from the end of the global quota system. Other sectors, notably the automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in importance and have surpassed textiles within Turkey’s export mix. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines also are being planned to help move Central Asian gas to Europe via Turkey, which will help address Turkey’s dependence on energy imports over the long term. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program.
Industries: textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Oil – production: 55,110 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60
Oil – consumption: 646,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27
Oil – exports: 68,450 bbl/day (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 75
Oil – imports: 581,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 21
Oil – proved reserves: 270.4 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 58
Natural gas – production: 674 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 66
Natural gas – consumption: 38.12 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Natural gas – exports: 649 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 39
Natural gas – imports: 38.04 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Natural gas – proved reserves: 6.173 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 87
Exports: $121 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 33
$109.6 billion (2009 est.)
Exports – commodities: apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Exports – partners: Germany 10.1%, UK 6.4%, Italy 5.7%, France 5.3%, Iraq 5.3%, Russia 4.1% (2010)
Imports: $177.3 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 23
$134.5 billion (2009 est.)
Imports – commodities: machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Imports – partners: Russia 11.6%, Germany 9.5%, China 9.3%, US 6.6%, Italy 5.5%, France 4.4%, Iran 4.1% (2010)
Source: CIA FACTBOOK
